The empirical basis of the study is drawn from a series of interviews performed by the authors in 2012. The narratives along with several texts and articles from the media were defined using the framework and methodology of critical culture studies. The article begins by redifing the meaning of local hockey in Miercurea Ciuc/Csíkszereda/Szeklerburg, focusing on the reinterpretation of social history which surrounds hockey in the region. At the core of this understanding lies the ambition to bring forward the communal and ethnic nature of a „hockey culture” that has a strong tendency towards the traditional, harbors a persisting amateur spirit regarding its appearance and consolida¬tion in a socio-cultural and historical sense, and eventually to place it in a specific context. The study points out how local hockey (sub)culture lags behind in regards to current professional and modern¬ising tendencies, being rather embedded and influenced by strong and persisting local and regional, (neo)tradional mentalities. It’s important to note that the matter of focus here lies not on hockey per se nor on the subcultural aspects that surround it. Instead, the study sheds light and reveals the main role of hockey in Miercurea Ciuc/Csíkszereda/Szeklerburg, how it impacts the modeling of identities and preserves the community spirit altogether. We find how in sports various aspects of society are being revealed but this also goes vice versa, how sports become represented in society.

Keywords: sport; hokey; mentality; etnicity

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The purpose of this paper is to make a thoroughgoing study on the processes of transition from school to work through architecture graduate students from Romania in the last decade and to observe different professional pathways that individuals take in the context of swift social and economical changes. The concepts and theories that guided me in this paper present a critical perspective on professional stability and security expectations in the architectural career field, expectations created by a strict regulated educational system. Analyzing individual factors (like Schein’s career anchors, perceptions on educational system deficit, perceptions on link between educational system and labour market) and contextual factors (as higher educational expansion impact, economical crisis impact) that influences decisions on professional pathway, it can be observed common characteristics to the other neoliberal professions, characteristics that are explained through Arthur & Rousseau’s concept of “boundaryless career”. This common aspect call in question the exotic character of the architectural career field.

Keywords: school to work transitions; self-employment; portofolio worker; labour market

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In our country volunteerism is more and more popular and at the same time volunteer researches are also noticeably increasing. Based on a survey among Hungarian high school students in Transylvania, in our study we are dealing with volunteerism, as a social phenomenon, and the main motivations for these activities. What kind of patterns can be highlighted among the volunteer activities of students in Northern-Transylvania and Seklerland? What are those values and motives which can define and characterise volunteer work? In our research we are looking to answer these and similar questions.

Keywords: volunteerism; high school students; types of volunteer activities; motivations; values

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The shadow education is the special segment of the two educational systems of the public and private tutoring education. In the sociology of education these topics were only recently discussed, and researches about these subjects only have a history of two decades. In our research we try to define the types of shadow education among Transylvanian high school students, more exactly those activities that do not take part of the formal educational system and private tutoring. What kind of social-demographic variables and motivations define the participation tendency of Hungarian students from Northern Transylvania and Szeklerland? What are the characteristics that describe those students who participate in private tutoring? In our study we would like to offer a general idea about the amount of time students spend doing various activities, and on the other hand the manifestation of shadow education in our region.

Keywords: shadow education; private tutoring; informal educational activities; time usage; motivations

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