Equality in the world of work remains an important issue today, as the differences between men and women still exist in the labor market. It may be legitimate to ask whether these differences are present in the universal and open world of music. In this paper I seek to answer the question of what similarities and differences exist in the professional career paths within the narratives of male and female classical musicians in Transylvania. Gender inequality in the context of Transylvania is an under-researched topic, especially with qualitative methods, as public discourse and science are both more sensitive to the ethnic dimension, as is the case with every national minority. This study aims to explore how classical musicians construct the narrative of their professional career paths and whether gender is a determining factor in all this. To explore the similarities and differences between male and female classical musicians, I conducted semi-structured interviews with musical performers employed in orchestras and opera houses in major cities of Transylvania.

Keywords: classical music, gender inequality, segregation, precarious work, work-life balance, motherhood

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The aim of this study is to present the labour market characteristics of a disadvantaged region, the Érmellék, based The aim of this study is to present the labor market characteristics of a disadvantaged region, Érmellék, based on the results of qualitative research. Our choice of topic is part of a deliberate series of studies in the Érmellék region. In 2020, we investigated the silver economy in this area, and in 2021, we focused on the social entrepreneurial community in Bihor County. These studies provided us with a much deeper insight into a specific area of the Hungarian minority in Romania, with general characteristics of Érmellék including a disadvantaged situation, a double minority of Roma living in the area, a specific border existence (daily commuting to educational institutions and workplaces), a constant possibility of permanent emigration, limited labor market opportunities, an aging population, etc. Primary data collection through interviews aims to reveal labor market characteristics not apparent from available secondary data, such as the presence of atypical forms of work as a source of labor market vulnerability and informal economic arrangements between employer and employee. The central research question of the study was, therefore: What are the specific characteristics of the labor market in Érmellék? How prevalent are atypical forms of work and/or informal strategies, and how do employers and employees perceive this? Based on the results of the preliminary research conducted in the region and the present study, it can be said that Érmellék, as a small region, has specific characteristics unique to the region in terms of the labor market. These characteristics amplify the presence of atypical forms of work while simultaneously placing a strong emphasis on the use of informal labor market survival strategies, in addition to global influences.

Keywords: labour market, atypical forms of work, informal strategies, disadvantaged

Full text (in Hungarian)

In my text, I argue that the evolution of ministerial roles is influenced by the development of the church organization, social processes and expectations, and the pastor’s view of his/her vocation. While Protestant ministry and roles are shaped by these factors, the main role dimensions of Protestant ministry that emerged as a result of the Reformation have remained unchanged. Rather, the change can be seen in the shifting emphasis of the roles concerning each other and in their content. Alongside the stable existence of traditional and neo-traditional roles, there is a growing emphasis on so-called contemporary roles in ministry. In the Transylvanian context, this can be seen in the social role of the Protestant denominations that guides the religiousness of the minority Hungarian community, and in the community organizing, national identity strengthening, educational, cultural, and public activities of the ministers serving in the churches of these denomination.

Keywords: ministry, roles, konflict, vocation, professionalization, desacralization

Full text (in Hungarian)