The Romanian regime change of 1989 produced not only political and economic transformations, but also a thorough change in the way of life and attitude to life. The transitional period induced for the bulk of population the collapse of the habitual, safe but scarce living conditions, drifting people towards poverty and deprivation. The changes were felt not only on macro level, but also on micro level, causing troubles for families. The changes in the life of families had a significant impact on children, with regard to their position in the family and society. The general aim of the paper is to present the problems of children in the transitional period in Romania. The specific purpose is to analyze the following issues: the state of health of children, the spread of children's drug consumption, the educational level of children, the juvenile delinquency and violence against children.